Biotransformation of 14-deacetoxyl sinenxan A by Ginkgo cell suspension cultures and the cytotoxic activity evaluation

14-Deacetoxyl sinenxan A [2,5,10β-triacetoxy-4(20),11-taxadiene, 1] was converted to two new products, 10β-hydroxy-2,5-diacetoxy-4(20),11-taxadiene (2) and 10β-butyloxy-2,5-diacetoxy-4(20),11-taxadiene (3) both about in 20% yields by Ginkgo cell suspension cultures. Their structures were identified on the basis of their chemical and spectroscopic data. The three compounds (1–3) were preliminarily evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activities against two solid tumor cell lines and their drug-resistant counterparts (KB and KB/V, MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR), and the decreased activities were observed in the case of the two products. The results suggested that biotransformation might be a valuable approach to diversifying natural products and provide some useful information on the study on the structure–activity relationships of the type of compounds.     

银杏牛蒡混合发酵食品对小鼠衰老指标的影响

目的：研究一种以银杏叶、牛蒡提取物为主成分的发酵食品(GBF)对小鼠衰老指标的影响。方法：以D-半乳糖造衰老模型,以每只每天0．5ml剂量的GBF对小鼠灌胃,以不喂GBF的衰老模型小鼠为对照,以正常饲养的小鼠为空白对照(CK),42d后研究其对衰老相关指标组织单胺氧化酶、丙二醛含量、羟脯氨酸含量和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性的影响。结果：喂食GBF的小鼠肝,脑组织中单胺氧化酶的活性比对照降低了36．7%和25．1%,丙二醛含量比对照降低了19%和44．6%。差异达到统计学显著水平(p＜0．05);而皮肤组织中羟脯氨酸含量和巨噬细胞吞噬活性分别高于对照28．6%和63．2%,显著高于对照(p＜0．05)。结论：GBF具有显著抗衰老活性。     

银杏外种皮提取物对芽孢杆菌生长的影响

用萃取法将银杏外种皮中的银杏酚酸成分提取出来,制成提取液。再用部分提取液乳化成乳化剂。采用液体生长抑制法和平皿培养抑制法分别对土壤中的细菌总量和芽孢杆菌进行抑菌试验。结果显示,在药浓度不断上升的情况下,相对应的细菌的存活率就越低。在液体生长抑制法中,芽孢杆菌菌悬液的OD值随药浓度的升高降低。在平皿培养法中,在药液浓度升高的情况下,土壤中细菌总量及芽孢杆菌总量受抑制程度加强。平皿培养法中用平皿表面涂布法要优于药敏纸片法。     

Inhibition of fatty acid synthase by ginkgolic acids from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba and their cytotoxic activity

Fatty acid synthase (FAS) has been proposed to be a new drug target for the development of anticancer agents because of the significant difference in expression of FAS between normal and tumour cells. Since a n-hexane-soluble extract from Ginkgo biloba was demonstrated to inhibit FAS activity in our preliminary test, we isolated active compounds from the n-hexane-soluble extract and evaluated their cytotoxic activity in human cancer cells. Three ginkgolic acids 1–3 isolated from the n-hexane-soluble extract inhibited the enzyme with IC₅₀ values 17.1, 9.2 and 10.5 µM, respectively, and they showed cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) and HL-60 (human leukaemia) cells. Our findings suggest that alkylphenol derivatives might be a new type of FAS inhibitor with cytotoxic activity.     

银杏叶多酚的机械力辅助提取及其体外抗氧化活性研究

为优化银杏叶多酚提取工艺,通过单因素试验考察填充率、球磨转速、球磨时间、乙醇浓度、料液比、提取温度、提取时间七个因素对机械力辅助提取银杏叶多酚得率的影响,以银杏叶多酚得率为响应值,采用Box-Benhnken三因素三水平响应面设计优化工艺,同时比较了4种提取方法对银杏叶多酚提取得率和抗氧化活性的差异。结果表明,机械力辅助提取银杏叶多酚的最佳工艺条件为:填充率26%、球磨转速为400rpm、球磨时间为15min。在此条件下,银杏叶多酚的得率为7.33%。机械力辅助乙醇提取银杏叶多酚得率低于碱水提取法,但是抗氧化活性高于碱水法提取的银杏叶多酚;抗氧化活性与乙醇回流法提取的银杏叶多酚相当,但是提取得率高于乙醇回流法。此提取工艺高效可行,具有一定的参考价值。     

银杏蜜环口服溶液联合尼可地尔对冠心病患者血清HsCRP、HCY、IMA、LP-PLA2水平的影响

目的:研究银杏蜜环口服溶液联合尼可地尔对冠心病患者血清超敏C反应蛋白(High-sensitivity C-reactive protein,Hs CRP)、同型半胱氨酸(Homocysteine,HCY)、缺血修饰白蛋白(Ischemia Modified Albumin,IMA)和脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lipoprotein-related phospholipase A2,Lp-PLA2)水平的影响。方法:选择2016年11月～2018年11月在我院全科医学科、急诊科收治的80例冠心病患者,根据就诊顺序,用抽签法随机分为两组,每组40例患者。对照组口服尼可地尔治疗,观察组采取银杏蜜环口服溶液联合尼可地尔治疗,两组均持续治疗2周。比较两组治疗前后的血清Hs CRP、HCY、IMA、LP-PLA2水平,左室舒张末径(left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,LVEDD)、心输出量(cardiac output,CO)和左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)等心功能指标的变化。结果:治疗后,观察组的总有效率为92.50%(37/40),明显高于对照组[75.00%(30/40)](P0.05);两组治疗后的血清Hs CRP、HCY、IMA、LP-PLA2水平均较治疗前明显降低(P0.05),且观察组以上指标均明显低于对照组(P0.05);两组治疗后的LVEDD均较治疗前明显降低,而CO和LVEF均较治疗前明显升高(P均0.05),且观察组治疗后的LVEDD与对照组相比明显降低,而CO和LVEF显著升高(P0.05)。结论:银杏蜜环口服溶液联合尼可地尔治疗冠心病的疗效明显优于单独口服尼可地尔治疗,其机制可能与降低血清Hs CRP、HCY、IMA、LP-PLA2水平相关。     

舒血宁注射液联合前列地尔注射液治疗糖尿病周围血管病变的临床疗效观察

目的:观察联合应用舒血宁注射液与前列地尔注射液治疗糖尿病周围血管病变的临床疗效和安全性.方法:以药物降低血糖为基础,舒血宁注射液与前列地尔注射液联合应用于78例糖尿病周围血管病变患者,14天为一个疗程,患者在治疗前后行双下肢动脉彩色多普勒超声检测.结果:治疗后,患者的股动脉、胭动脉及足背动脉管径较治疗前显著增加,血流速度较治疗前明显加快(P＜0.05).间歇性跛行症状好转,肢体皮温上升,足背动脉开始有搏动.治疗中无不良反应,亦无出血倾向.结论:舒血宁注射液与前列地尔注射液联合治疗糖屎病周围血管病变是一种安全有效的治疗方法.     

产黄酮银杏内共生真菌的分离及其发酵条件的优化

本文从不同年龄、不同地域的银杏叶、茎、根部组织中分离得到20株银杏内共生真菌,经过发酵复筛有5株的产黄酮能力超过5μg/m L。实验对菌株的最佳发酵产黄酮条件进行了优化,优化条件为:3%葡萄糖、0.5%蛋白胨、0.4%酵母膏、0.3%KH2PO4、0.01%Mg SO4·7H2O;起始p H值7.0、最适发酵温度28℃、摇床转速为140 r/min、装液量125 m L/250 m L。在此条件下,该系列菌株在发酵7 d左右产黄酮量可达6.4μg/m L。     

凹叶厚朴粗壮枝和细弱枝的树皮和韧皮部结构的比较研究

凹叶厚朴的树皮由外向内为周皮、皮层、初生韧皮部的纤维束和次生韧皮部.筛管分子具有复筛板或单筛板、P-蛋白质,筛板孔开放,可见联络索,无淀粉粒.伴胞为与筛管分子等长的一列或单个细胞.粗壮枝周皮的木栓层约6层细胞组成,皮层中油细胞、淀粉粒、石细胞较多.细弱枝周皮的木栓层约3层细胞组成,皮层中油细胞、淀粉粒、石细胞较少.粗壮枝和细弱枝筛管分子宽度相当,但前者筛管分子较长,筛管蛋白质较多,后者筛管分子较短,筛管蛋白质较少.